Panduan Lengkap: Penggunaan There Is dan There Are dalam Bahasa Inggris

Dalam tata bahasa Inggris, frasa there is dan there are berfungsi sebagai penanda eksistensi atau keberadaan sesuatu. Frasa ini dikenal sebagai kalimat eksistensial, yang esensinya adalah untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu objek, orang, atau konsep berada di suatu tempat atau pada suatu waktu. Memahami perbedaan dan aturan penggunaan kedua frasa ini sangat fundamental untuk membentuk kalimat yang benar secara gramatikal.

Kata there di sini bertindak sebagai subjek palsu atau subjek pengantar (dummy subject), yang tugasnya hanyalah memperkenalkan keberadaan subjek yang sebenarnya, yang selalu mengikuti kata kerja be (is/are). Kesalahan umum sering terjadi karena subjek yang sebenarnya diletakkan setelah kata kerja, sehingga penentuan singular (is) atau plural (are) menjadi krusial.

1. Aturan Dasar Agreement (Kesepakatan)

Penentuan apakah menggunakan is atau are sepenuhnya bergantung pada subjek riil yang mengikutinya. Ini adalah aturan dasar yang paling penting:

• There Is: Digunakan ketika subjek riil yang mengikutinya adalah tunggal (singular) atau kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung (uncountable noun).
• There Are: Digunakan ketika subjek riil yang mengikutinya adalah jamak (plural).

1.1. Penggunaan Mendalam There Is (Tunggal dan Tak Terhitung)

Bagian ini akan menganalisis secara rinci kapan kita harus menggunakan There Is. Fokusnya adalah pada kategori kata benda tunggal dan kata benda yang secara alami tidak dapat dihitung.

1.1.1. Dengan Kata Benda Tunggal (Singular Countable Nouns)

Setiap kali objek yang diperkenalkan dapat dihitung dan jumlahnya adalah satu, kita menggunakan There Is. Objek ini sering didahului oleh artikel tak tentu 'a' atau 'an'.

1.1.2. Dengan Kata Benda Tak Terhitung (Uncountable Nouns)

Kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung (seperti air, informasi, kebahagiaan, uang, nasi) selalu diperlakukan sebagai tunggal dalam konteks tata bahasa Inggris, sehingga mereka harus menggunakan There Is.

1.2. Penggunaan Mendalam There Are (Jamak)

There Are harus digunakan setiap kali subjek riil setelah kata kerja be adalah kata benda jamak. Kata benda jamak ini biasanya memiliki akhiran -s atau -es, atau merupakan bentuk jamak yang tidak beraturan (misalnya, *children*, *people*, *feet*).

1.2.1. Dengan Kata Benda Jamak (Plural Countable Nouns)

Penggunaan ini adalah yang paling sering ditemui ketika merujuk pada beberapa objek, orang, atau konsep.

2. Kontraksi, Negasi, dan Interogatif

Frasa eksistensial ini juga memiliki bentuk kontraksi, negasi, dan digunakan untuk membentuk pertanyaan, yang semuanya tetap mematuhi aturan singular/plural di atas.

2.1. Kontraksi (Contractions)

Kontraksi hanya dimungkinkan untuk There Is, menjadi There's. Kontraksi ini sangat umum digunakan dalam percakapan informal. Penting untuk dicatat bahwa secara teknis, There Are tidak memiliki kontraksi standar (walaupun dalam bahasa lisan yang sangat informal, terkadang There's digunakan untuk plural, namun ini dianggap tidak standar atau salah dalam penulisan formal).

2.1.1. Penggunaan There's

Meskipun There's hanya bentuk kontraksi dari There Is, dalam percakapan lisan cepat, penutur sering menggunakannya bahkan sebelum kata benda jamak, meskipun ini dihindari dalam penulisan akademis atau formal.

2.2. Bentuk Negatif (Negations)

Untuk membentuk kalimat negatif, kita hanya perlu menambahkan kata 'not' setelah is atau are. Kita juga dapat menggunakan kata 'no' sebelum kata benda untuk memperkuat negasi.

2.2.1. Negasi There Is

2.2.2. Negasi There Are

2.3. Bentuk Pertanyaan (Interrogative)

Untuk mengajukan pertanyaan, kita membalikkan urutan kata kerja be (is/are) dan kata there. Kesepakatan singular/plural tetap berdasarkan subjek riil yang mengikuti.

3. Penggunaan Kata Kuantitas dengan There Is/Are

Penggunaan kata-kata kuantitas (quantifiers) seperti *some*, *any*, *many*, *much*, *a lot of* sangat penting dalam kalimat eksistensial, terutama karena mereka menentukan apakah kata benda tersebut dianggap spesifik, tunggal, atau jamak.

3.1. Some dan Any

• Some: Digunakan dalam kalimat positif, baik untuk kata benda jamak maupun tak terhitung.
• Any: Digunakan dalam kalimat negatif dan pertanyaan, baik untuk kata benda jamak maupun tak terhitung.

3.1.1. Analisis Detail There Is dengan Kuantitas

3.1.2. Analisis Detail There Are dengan Kuantitas

4. Kasus Khusus dan Pengecualian Lanjutan

Dalam tata bahasa, selalu ada situasi yang memerlukan perhatian ekstra, terutama ketika kalimat eksistensial diikuti oleh daftar subjek.

4.1. Kesepakatan dalam Daftar (Agreement in Lists)

Ketika kalimat eksistensial memperkenalkan daftar beberapa item, kata kerja be (is/are) harus disepakati dengan kata benda pertama yang muncul dalam daftar tersebut.

Aturan ini, meskipun sering diabaikan dalam percakapan cepat, sangat penting untuk dipatuhi dalam penulisan formal dan profesional. Jika subjek pertama tunggal, meskipun seluruh daftar bersifat jamak, kita menggunakan There Is.

4.1.1. Analisis Mendalam Daftar yang Dimulai Tunggal (There Is...)

Mari kita lihat bagaimana struktur There Is tetap dominan meskipun diikuti oleh subjek-subjek jamak dalam daftar panjang:

• There is a massive television, three large speakers, and dozens of DVDs in the entertainment center.
• There is one important meeting, two subsequent phone calls, and five minor tasks scheduled today.
• There is a persistent rumor, several news reports, and countless online discussions regarding the scandal.
• There is a single slice of pizza, two half-eaten sandwiches, and a bowl of grapes left on the counter.
• There is a profound silence, broken only by the chirping of crickets, the rustling of leaves, and the distant sound of a train.

4.1.2. Analisis Mendalam Daftar yang Dimulai Jamak (There Are...)

Sebaliknya, jika item pertama adalah jamak, maka There Are harus digunakan, bahkan jika item selanjutnya adalah tunggal:

• There are five large trees, a small fountain, and an old swing set in the backyard.
• There are many valuable lessons, a profound insight, and an unexpected truth to be found in this book.
• There are three different methodologies, one standard procedure, and a series of optional steps outlined in the manual.
• There are numerous complaints, a formal investigation, and a necessary recall process underway at the factory.
• There are several potential risks, one clear pathway to success, and various contingency plans considered by the team.

5. Eksplorasi Kontekstual There Is (50 Contoh Terperinci)

Untuk memperkuat pemahaman mengenai penggunaan There Is, berikut adalah daftar panjang contoh kalimat yang mencakup kata benda tunggal dan kata benda tak terhitung dalam berbagai konteks, menunjukkan fleksibilitas penggunaannya.

5.1. There Is: Kata Benda Tunggal (Lokasi dan Keberadaan)

1. There is a lighthouse standing proudly on the rugged coastline.
2. There is an excellent solution to the current budget shortfall.
3. There is a mysterious shadow lurking behind the dense curtains.
4. There is only one way forward after analyzing all the data points.
5. There is a small crack appearing on the windshield of the car.
6. There is a mandatory dress code enforced strictly in this prestigious establishment.
7. There is a complicated history behind the construction of this ancient monument.
8. There is a unique opportunity waiting for those who dare to take risks.
9. There is a specific reason why the system failed at the critical juncture.
10. There is a profound difference between listening and truly understanding the message.
11. There is an invisible barrier preventing the two communities from communicating effectively.
12. There is a single spotlight focused intensely on the main performer.
13. There is a clear majority favoring the new legislation among the senators.
14. There is a noticeable scent of jasmine drifting through the open window.
15. There is a quiet desperation settling over the team after the defeat.
16. There is a new proposal being drafted immediately by the design department.
17. There is a powerful gravitational pull exerted by the nearest massive planet.
18. There is a common misconception about the origin of these specific legends.
19. There is a perfect time and place for every single important event.
20. There is a definitive end date set for the construction project.
21. There is an old, weathered wooden sign marking the entrance to the trail.
22. There is a necessary component missing from the final assembly line.
23. There is a chilling echo resounding through the abandoned cavern.
24. There is a friendly rivalry existing between the two neighboring schools.
25. There is a constant threat of storms hovering over the coastal region.

5.2. There Is: Kata Benda Tak Terhitung (Konsep, Zat, dan Massa)

26. There is always good advice available from experienced mentors. (Advice)
27. There is sufficient financial aid allocated for the educational programs. (Aid)
28. There is too much negativity surrounding the recent political developments. (Negativity)
29. There is plenty of room for improvement in the execution of the task. (Room/Space)
30. There is hardly any light penetrating the dense jungle canopy. (Light)
31. There is undeniable proof supporting the theory presented by the scientist. (Proof)
32. There is extensive research being conducted into renewable energy sources. (Research)
33. There is enormous pressure placed upon the athletes before the final race. (Pressure)
34. There is only a little sugar left in the jar for the baking preparation. (Sugar)
35. There is much resistance from the public regarding the new taxes imposed. (Resistance)
36. There is clear visibility at sea today, despite the early morning fog. (Visibility)
37. There is immense beauty hidden deep within the untouched wilderness areas. (Beauty)
38. There is a significant amount of noise emanating from the construction site nearby. (Noise)
39. There is important historical documentation stored securely in the archives. (Documentation)
40. There is endless paperwork required to complete the bureaucratic process smoothly. (Paperwork)
41. There is too much heat trapped inside the greenhouse during the midday sun. (Heat)
42. There is enough food supply to last the entire group for at least two months. (Food)
43. There is overwhelming evidence suggesting a cover-up occurred years ago. (Evidence)
44. There is widespread anxiety among the residents about the impending storm surge. (Anxiety)
45. There is crucial data being transferred rapidly across the secure network. (Data)
46. There is no concrete path planned for the immediate resolution of the conflict. (Path)
47. There is always hope, even when the situation seems completely impossible. (Hope)
48. There is some lingering sadness attached to the memory of the departure. (Sadness)
49. There is valuable knowledge disseminated during these specialized training sessions. (Knowledge)
50. There is a definite chill in the air tonight, signaling the change of seasons. (Chill)

6. Eksplorasi Kontekstual There Are (50 Contoh Terperinci)

Penggunaan There Are menuntut perhatian pada bentuk jamak dari kata benda. Berikut adalah daftar komprehensif yang menyoroti berbagai jenis kata benda jamak, termasuk yang beraturan dan tidak beraturan, dalam berbagai konstruksi kalimat.

6.1. There Are: Kata Benda Jamak Beraturan

1. There are hundreds of migrating birds currently crossing the national boundary line.
2. There are several potential candidates interviewing for the managerial position.
3. There are three different scenarios modeled by the economic analysis team.
4. There are numerous benefits associated with implementing the proposed changes.
5. There are twenty-five pages dedicated exclusively to the glossary section.
6. There are many unanswered questions regarding the disappearance of the artifacts.
7. There are two identical keys required to access the safety deposit box.
8. There are six highly skilled technicians working on the critical infrastructure repair.
9. There are frequent complaints about the noise levels late at night in this area.
10. There are various methods available for accurately measuring the depth of the ocean floor.
11. There are complex equations written on the whiteboard that nobody can decipher.
12. There are numerous regulations restricting the production of certain chemical compounds.
13. There are several brightly colored balloons floating lazily near the high ceiling.
14. There are five core principles guiding the ethical decisions of the corporation.
15. There are countless stars visible through the telescope on a clear, dark night.
16. There are serious risks involved if we ignore the safety protocols outlined.
17. There are major differences separating the classical music genre from modern pop.
18. There are seven delicious cookies cooling on the rack fresh out of the oven.
19. There are only a few important details missing from the comprehensive final report.
20. There are three massive earthquakes registered in this geological zone over the last decade.
21. There are various obstacles hindering the rapid deployment of the new software update.
22. There are distinct advantages to choosing the public transport system for commuting.
23. There are many beautiful flowers blooming abundantly throughout the botanical garden.
24. There are two conflicting reports concerning the exact sequence of events that occurred.
25. There are several potential errors embedded within the complex source code of the application.

6.2. There Are: Kata Benda Jamak Tak Beraturan dan Spesifik

Meskipun beberapa kata benda jamak tidak beraturan, mereka tetap memerlukan There Are karena merujuk pada banyak individu atau item.

26. There are many strong teeth belonging to that particularly large predatory animal. (Teeth)
27. There are hundreds of sheep grazing peacefully in the distant green meadow. (Sheep – Jamak tidak berubah)
28. There are fifteen police officers assigned to patrol the inner city district tonight. (Officers/Police – Jamak)
29. There are several important criteria used for evaluating the quality of the raw materials. (Criteria)
30. There are many interesting fungi growing naturally underneath the damp forest floor. (Fungi)
31. There are only four women remaining as finalists in the highly competitive tournament. (Women)
32. There are five children waiting patiently for their turn at the slide equipment. (Children)
33. There are far too many people congregating near the entrance, blocking the access path. (People)
34. There are always mice hiding discreetly in the walls of this very old historic building. (Mice)
35. There are numerous analyses conducted on the financial health of the volatile market. (Analyses)
36. There are three pairs of scissors required for the detailed art and craft project. (Scissors – Benda berpasangan)
37. There are essential goods stored safely in the warehouse ready for immediate shipment. (Goods)
38. There are significant political differences dividing the two major political parties severely. (Differences)
39. There are various philosophical debates revolving around the concept of free will. (Debates)
40. There are hundreds of specialized tools neatly organized within the mechanic's workshop. (Tools)
41. There are five different perspectives being considered by the judicial review committee. (Perspectives)
42. There are many valuable artifacts exhibited clearly in the protected display cases. (Artifacts)
43. There are strong environmental policies enforced strictly in the protected natural reserve. (Policies)
44. There are several active volcanoes located along the seismically unstable 'Ring of Fire'. (Volcanoes)
45. There are only two possible avenues left open for us to pursue the ultimate objective. (Avenues)
46. There are countless memories preserved perfectly in the antique photo albums collected. (Memories)
47. There are three highly effective medicines prescribed for treating this debilitating condition. (Medicines)
48. There are significant breakthroughs expected soon in the field of quantum computing research. (Breakthroughs)
49. There are numerous individuals affected negatively by the recent drastic downturn in the global economy. (Individuals)
50. There are many complex formulas required to calculate the trajectory accurately and precisely. (Formulas)

7. There Is/Are dalam Bentuk Tense yang Berbeda

Prinsip dasar singular/plural tetap berlaku bahkan ketika kita mengubah waktu kalimat (tense). Yang berubah hanyalah bentuk kata kerja be.

7.1. Masa Lalu (Past Tense)

Kita menggunakan There was untuk singular/tak terhitung, dan There were untuk plural/jamak.

7.2. Masa Depan (Future Tense)

Dalam Future Tense, kita selalu menggunakan There will be, terlepas dari apakah subjeknya tunggal atau jamak, karena 'will be' tidak memiliki bentuk singular atau plural.

7.3. Perfect Tense

Dalam Perfect Tense (Present Perfect, Past Perfect), kita menggunakan There has been untuk singular/tak terhitung, dan There have been untuk jamak.

8. Menganalisis Struktur Kalimat Eksistensial (Ekstensi Mendalam)

Untuk mencapai pemahaman yang komprehensif, kita perlu membedah peran setiap elemen dalam kalimat eksistensial. Struktur dasarnya adalah:

There + Verb Be (Is/Are/Was/Were) + Subjek Riil (Noun Phrase) + Pelengkap Tempat/Waktu (Adverbial Phrase)

8.1. Peran Subjek Riil (The Noun Phrase)

Subjek riil adalah inti dari apa yang dinyatakan keberadaannya. Subjek ini bisa sangat sederhana (seperti 'a chair') atau sangat kompleks, mencakup adjektiva, kuantifikasi, dan frasa preposisional.

Contoh frasa subjek riil yang kompleks (semuanya singular, menggunakan There Is):

1. There is a newly installed, highly efficient, geothermal heating system.
2. There is the oldest surviving handwritten manuscript from the twelfth century era.
3. There is an unprecedented level of international cooperation currently visible among the nations.
4. There is a surprising lack of preparedness for such a common type of natural disaster.
5. There is a single, shimmering drop of morning dew resting precariously on the spider web.

Contoh frasa subjek riil yang kompleks (semuanya jamak, menggunakan There Are):

1. There are dozens of brightly colored, meticulously detailed illustrations adorning the ancient book pages.
2. There are several potential, yet highly risky, investment opportunities currently being scrutinized by the board.
3. There are thousands of tiny, microscopic organisms thriving rapidly in the previously sterile environment.
4. There are three different, equally plausible explanations for the mysterious astronomical phenomenon observed.
5. There are countless discarded plastic bottles polluting the pristine shoreline after the powerful storm surge.

8.2. Peran Pelengkap Adverbial (Adverbial Phrase)

Pelengkap ini sering kali berupa frasa preposisional yang menjelaskan di mana (lokasi) atau kapan (waktu) eksistensi tersebut terjadi. Jika pelengkap ini tidak ada, kalimat masih gramatikal, tetapi kurang informatif.

Analisis Lokasi (Place):

• There is a large crack in the ceiling of the main ballroom.
• There are several boxes behind the unused, rusted-out shed in the garden.
• There was an unusual smell wafting distinctly from the old ventilation shaft below.

Analisis Waktu (Time):

• There will be a solar eclipse visible next Tuesday afternoon at precisely 3:00 PM.
• There were many celebrations held throughout the entire last decade of the previous century.
• There is always intense pressure felt during the final minutes of the highly anticipated competition.

9. Perbandingan Ekstrem dan Latihan Penguatan (Memastikan Akurasi Penuh)

Untuk benar-benar menginternalisasi aturan there is dan there are, kita harus melihat kasus-kasus yang secara sintaksis identik namun perubahannya hanya pada subjek riil.

9.1. Konstruksi Kalimat Eksistensial Negatif dan Kuantitas (Lanjutan)

Ketika menggunakan negasi, penggunaan any dengan there is/are menjadi sangat dominan. Berikut adalah contoh-contoh yang memastikan kesepakatan subjek dalam negasi.

1. There isn't any viable option left for us to explore the hidden valley. (Option – Tunggal)
2. There aren't any significant findings mentioned in the early preliminary report. (Findings – Jamak)
3. There isn't enough natural sunlight entering the deep, dark basement area. (Sunlight – Tak Terhitung)
4. There aren't many available seats left in the large auditorium for the keynote speaker. (Seats – Jamak)
5. There is no possibility whatsoever of the mission failing at this advanced stage. (Possibility – Tunggal)
6. There are no satisfactory answers provided by the spokesperson regarding the sudden changes. (Answers – Jamak)
7. There wasn't a single person willing to volunteer for the particularly dangerous assignment. (Person – Tunggal)
8. There weren't any immediate signs of damage visible to the inspecting authorities yesterday. (Signs – Jamak)
9. There hasn't been much enthusiasm shown by the students towards the mandatory subject. (Enthusiasm – Tak Terhitung)
10. There haven't been enough crucial supplies delivered to the isolated remote outpost since spring began. (Supplies – Jamak)

10. Kesimpulan Utama Penggunaan There Is dan There Are

Penguasaan there is dan there are adalah penentu utama dalam kefasihan berbahasa Inggris, terutama dalam menyatakan eksistensi dan lokasi. Selalu ingat bahwa meskipun there memulai kalimat, kata kerja be harus selalu merujuk pada kata benda yang mengikutinya. Pengecekan ini—singular, plural, atau tak terhitung—adalah langkah kritis yang memastikan akurasi tata bahasa yang konsisten dalam semua bentuk waktu dan konteks.

Dengan menerapkan aturan dasar kesepakatan, memahami penggunaan kuantitas, dan mengingat aturan spesifik untuk daftar subjek, penggunaan kalimat eksistensial Anda akan menjadi kokoh dan benar secara gramatikal dalam setiap situasi komunikasi, baik formal maupun informal.